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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Al-Aziz Muhammad</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i>Al-Malik al-Aziz</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="List_of_Ayyubid_rulers#Emirs_of_Aleppo" title="List of Ayyubid rulers">Emir of Aleppo</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">8 October 1216 – 26 November 1236</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Az-Zahir_Ghazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Az-Zahir Ghazi">Az-Zahir Ghazi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="An-Nasir_Yusuf" title="An-Nasir Yusuf">An-Nasir Yusuf</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regent</th><td class="infobox-data">Shihab ad-Din Toghrul</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1213</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">26 November 1236</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Fatima Khatun</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="An-Nasir_Yusuf" title="An-Nasir Yusuf">An-Nasir Yusuf</a><br>Ghaziya Khatun</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Az-Zahir_Ghazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Az-Zahir Ghazi">Az-Zahir Ghazi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Dayfa_Khatun" title="Dayfa Khatun">Dayfa Khatun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Al-Aziz Muhammad ibn Ghazi</b> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1213</span> – 26 November 1236) was the <a href="Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a> <a href="Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid</a> Emir of <a href="Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> and the son of <a href="Az-Zahir_Ghazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Az-Zahir Ghazi">az-Zahir Ghazi</a> and grandson of <a href="Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>. His mother was <a href="Dayfa_Khatun" title="Dayfa Khatun">Dayfa Khatun</a>, the daughter of Saladin's brother <a href="Al-Adil" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Adil">al-Adil</a>.
</p><p>Al-Aziz was aged just three when his father az-Zahir Ghazi died in 1216 at the age of forty-five. He immediately inherited his father's position as ruler of Aleppo. A regency council was formed, which appointed Shihab ad-Din Toghrul as his <a href="Atabeg" title="Atabeg">Atabeg</a> or guardian. Toghril was a <i><a href="Mamluks" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluks">mamluk</a></i> of az-Zahir Ghazi and the effective ruler of Aleppo for the next fifteen years.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2></div>
<p>Al-Aziz did not take actual control of power until the age of seventeen, at which point he retained Toghril as his treasurer. In general, he avoided becoming drawn into the complex disputes between different members of the Ayyubid dynasty, and concentrated instead on strengthening the defenses and infrastructure of Aleppo.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the construction works begun by az-Zahir Ghazi and completed by al-Aziz Muhammad were the re-fortification of the citadel, and, within it, the building of the palace, the mosque, the arsenal and the water cisterns.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Aziz is known to have married Fatima Khatun, daughter of <a href="Al-Kamil" title="Al-Kamil">al-Kamil</a>, who apparently shared his passion for building and commissioned the construction of two madrasas in Aleppo.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 1232, shortly after al-Aziz attained his majority, Sultan al-Kamil of Egypt gathered a major force bringing together armies from across the Ayyubid confederation to attack <a href="Diyar_Bakr" title="Diyar Bakr">Diyar Bakr</a>. Aleppo was the only emirate which stood aloof and contributed no troops.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 1234, Al Aziz did furnish units which he contributed to another army led by al-Kamil which went out to invade Anatolia, probably heading for <a href="Malatya" title="Malatya">Malatya</a>. Al-Aziz did not himself take part in the campaign, which in any case was driven back by the <a href="Seljuq_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq Empire">Seljuq</a> forces of Sultan <a href="Kayqubad_I" title="Kayqubad I">Ala ad-Din Kayqubad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2></div>
<p>Al-Aziz died on 26 November 1236 at the age of twenty-three.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His eldest son, <a href="An-Nasir_Yusuf" title="An-Nasir Yusuf">an-Nasir Yusuf</a>, was only seven years old, so al-Aziz's mother <a href="Dayfa_Khatun" title="Dayfa Khatun">Dayfa Khatun</a> assumed the regency.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Aziz's daughter, Ghaziya Khatun, married the Seljuq Sultan of Rum, <a href="Kaykhusraw_II" title="Kaykhusraw II">Kaykhusraw II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabbaa, Yasser, Constructions of Power and Piety in Medieval Aleppo, Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-271-01562-4</bdi>, p.29</span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabbaa, Yasser, Constructions of Power and Piety in Medieval Aleppo, Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-271-01562-4</bdi>, p.29</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabbaa, Yasser, Constructions of Power and Piety in Medieval Aleppo, Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-271-01562-4</bdi>, p.60</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tabbaa, Yasser, Constructions of Power and Piety in Medieval Aleppo, Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-271-01562-4</bdi>, p.136</span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Humphreys,R. S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.222</span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Humphreys,R. S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.224-5</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Setton, K.M., Volff R.L. & Hazard H.W., A History of the Crusades, vol 2: The Later Crusades, 1189-1311, University of Wisconsin Press, 1969 p.704</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Humphreys,R. S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.229</span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Humphreys,R. S. From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260, SUNY Press 1977 p.389</span>
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</style><div id="Rulers_of_the_Ayyubid_dynasty393" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_Ayyubid_rulers" title="List of Ayyubid rulers">Rulers</a> of the <a href="Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid dynasty</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;"><a href="Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultans</a> of <a href="Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (1171–1250)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Aziz_Uthman" title="Al-Aziz Uthman">al-Aziz Uthman</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Mansur_Nasir_al-Din_Muhammad" title="Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad">al-Mansur Nasir al-Din</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Adil_I" title="Al-Adil I">al-Adil I</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Kamil" title="Al-Kamil">al-Kamil</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Adil_II" title="Al-Adil II">al-Adil II</a></li>
<li><a href="As-Salih_Ayyub" title="As-Salih Ayyub">as-Salih Ayyub</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Muazzam_Turanshah" title="Al-Muazzam Turanshah">al-Muazzam Turanshah</a></li>
<li><a href="Shajar_al-Durr" title="Shajar al-Durr">Shajar al-Durr</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Ashraf_Musa%2C_Sultan_of_Egypt" title="Al-Ashraf Musa, Sultan of Egypt">al-Ashraf Musa</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;"><a href="Emir" title="Emir">Emirs</a> of <a href="Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> (1174–1260)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Afdal_ibn_Salah_ad-Din" title="Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din">al-Afdal</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Adil_I" title="Al-Adil I">al-Adil I</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Mu'azzam_Isa" title="Al-Mu'azzam Isa">al-Mu'azzam Isa</a></li>
<li><a href="An-Nasir_Dawud" title="An-Nasir Dawud">an-Nasir Dawud</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Ashraf_Musa%2C_Emir_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Damascus">al-Ashraf Musa</a></li>
<li><a href="As-Salih_Ismail%2C_Emir_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="As-Salih Ismail, Emir of Damascus">as-Salih Ismail</a></li>
<li><a href="As-Salih_Ayyub" title="As-Salih Ayyub">as-Salih Ayyub</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Muazzam_Turanshah" title="Al-Muazzam Turanshah">al-Muazzam Turanshah</a></li>
<li><a href="An-Nasir_Yusuf" title="An-Nasir Yusuf">an-Nasir Yusuf</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;">Emirs of <a href="Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> (1177–1260)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Az-Zahir_Ghazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Az-Zahir Ghazi">az-Zahir Ghazi</a></li>
<li><a href="Dayfa_Khatun" title="Dayfa Khatun">Dayfa Khatun</a> (regent)</li>
<li><a href="An-Nasir_Yusuf" title="An-Nasir Yusuf">an-Nasir Yusuf</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;">Emirs of <a href="Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a> (1175–1262)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Shirkuh" title="Shirkuh">Asad ad-Din Shirkuh</a></li>
<li><a href="Muhammad_ibn_Shirkuh" title="Muhammad ibn Shirkuh">Muhammad ibn Shirkuh</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Mujahid" title="Al-Mujahid">al-Mujahid</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Mansur_Ibrahim" title="Al-Mansur Ibrahim">al-Mansur Ibrahim</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Ashraf_Musa%2C_Emir_of_Homs" title="Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Homs">al-Ashraf Musa</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;">Emirs of <a href="Hama" title="Hama">Hama</a> (1175–1341)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Al-Muzaffar_I_Umar" title="Al-Muzaffar I Umar">al-Muzaffar I Umar</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Mansur_I_Muhammad" title="Al-Mansur I Muhammad">al-Mansur I Muhammad</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Nasir_Kilij_Arslan" title="Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan">al-Nasir Kilij Arslan</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Muzaffar_II_Mahmud" title="Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud">al-Muzaffar II Mahmud</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Mansur_II_Muhammad" title="Al-Mansur II Muhammad">al-Mansur II Muhammad</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Muzaffar_III_Mahmud" title="Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud">al-Muzaffar III Mahmud</a></li>
<li><a href="Abulfeda" title="Abulfeda">al-Mu'ayyad Abu al-Fida</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Afdal_Muhammad" title="Al-Afdal Muhammad">al-Afdal Muhammad</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;">Emirs of <a href="Diyar_Bakr" title="Diyar Bakr">Diyar Bakr</a> (1180–1260)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Al-Awhad_Ayyub" title="Al-Awhad Ayyub">al-Awhad Ayyub</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Ashraf_Musa%2C_Emir_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Damascus">al-Ashraf Musa</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Muzaffar_Ghazi" title="Al-Muzaffar Ghazi">al-Muzaffar Ghazi</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Kamil_Muhammad" title="Al-Kamil Muhammad">al-Kamil Muhammad</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;">Emirs of <a href="Yemen#Ayyubid_conquest_(1171–1260)" title="Yemen">Yemen and Hejaz</a> (1173–1228)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Turan-Shah" title="Turan-Shah">Turan-Shah</a></li>
<li><a href="Tughtakin_ibn_Ayyub" title="Tughtakin ibn Ayyub">Tughtakin ibn Ayyub</a></li>
<li>al-Muizz Ismail</li>
<li>an-Nasir Ayyub</li>
<li>al-Muzaffar Sulaiman</li>
<li><a href="Al-Mas'ud_Yusuf" title="Al-Mas'ud Yusuf">al-Mas'ud Yusuf</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;">Emirs of <a href="Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a> (1175–1260)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Shams_al-Din_Muhammad_ibn_al-Muqaddam" title="Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muqaddam">Ibn al-Muqaddam</a></li>
<li><a href="Turan-Shah" title="Turan-Shah">Turan-Shah</a></li>
<li><a href="Farrukh_Shah" title="Farrukh Shah">Farrukhshah</a></li>
<li><a href="Bahramshah" title="Bahramshah">Bahramshah</a></li>
<li><a href="Al-Ashraf_Musa%2C_Emir_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Damascus">al-Ashraf Musa</a></li>
<li><a href="As-Salih_Ismail%2C_Emir_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="As-Salih Ismail, Emir of Damascus">as-Salih Ismail</a></li>
<li><a href="As-Salih_Ayyub" title="As-Salih Ayyub">as-Salih Ayyub</a></li>
<li><a href="Sa%CA%BFd_al-Din_al-Humaidi" title="Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi">Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi</a></li>
<li><a href="An-Nasir_Yusuf" title="An-Nasir Yusuf">an-Nasir Yusuf</a></li></ul>
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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-12-10" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Al-Aziz_Muhammad&oldid=1262306937">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
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